It is the policy of Sitting Bull College (SBC) to afford equal employment opportunities to all qualified individuals, without regard to their race, color, ancestry, religion, sex, sexual orientation, national origin, age, physical or mental disability, citizenship status, veteran status, gender identity or expression, or any other . If you want to learn about trading/Investing or want to share your thoughts with us, you have come to the right place. 3015 Broussard St. Baton Rouge, LA 70808. phone. Expert Air Conditioning Repair in Fresno offers you a qualified, E & L LLP Located in Long Beach, California. Most LGBT+ students are closeted, and school is a safe haven to at least open up about these kinds of things, but teachers judging and looking down on them for simply having a different romantic orientation makes it very hard to do that. Reading/Language Arts Test Scores (% Proficient), Source: 2020-2021 (latest school year available) National Center for Education Statistics (NCES), CA Dept. An example of data being processed may be a unique identifier stored in a cookie. We will let you know as soon as we update the rankings. Moving up a grade together can benefit both teachers and students. Is there any way to fix this? You do not have access to the referenced entity (file:1825). Apple Valley, CA 92308-5002 (760) 961-8479 District: Apple Valley Unified SchoolDigger Rank: 3529th of 5,883 California Elementary Schools Per Pupil Expenditures: $5,647 Students who attend Sitting Bull Academy usually attend: High: Apple Valley High Student/teacher ratio: 22.7 At Sitting Bull Academy, 42% of students scored at or above the proficient level for math, and 55% scored at or above that level for reading.Compared with the district, the school did better in math and better in reading, according to this metric. Pros and Cons of Sports Competition at the High School Level. Per Pupil Expenditures for Sitting Bull Academy. Why are you interested in Sitting Bull Academy from, Evaluation of the Sitting Bull Academy is a very important part in a critical review. Experts advise college-minded students to stay focused through the end of the school year. MONDAY. Niche requires Javascript to work correctly. Support our mission. 2022-2023 Disbursement Schedule | Sitting Bull College Home / Tuition and Aid / 2022-2023 Disbursement Schedule Federal financial aid [Pell grant] first disbursement is scheduled to be paid on these dates: Federal financial aid funds will only be issued to students who have a completed financial aid file. The data displayed is from the most current sources available. If you experience difficulty with the accessibility of any pages or documents, please request materials in an alternate format by contacting the school office at 760-961-8479. 19445 Sitting Bull Rd Apple Valley, CA 92308 | (760) 961-8479 | (760) 240-8763 (fax). Lowest grade taught: Kindergarten - Highest grade taught: 8th Grade Curriculum Frameworks & Instructional Materials, California School Dashboard and System of Support, Dashboard Alternative School Status (DASS), Local Educational Agency Accountability Report Card, CA Assessment of Student Performance and Progress (CAASPP), CA High School Proficiency Examination (CHSPE), English Language Proficiency Assessments for CA (ELPAC), National Assessment of Educational Progress (NAEP), Standardized Account Code Structure (SACS), California Basic Educational Data System (CBEDS), California Longitudinal Pupil Achievement Data System (CALPADS), Consolidated Application and Reporting System (CARS), Current Expense of Education & Per-pupil Spending, Free and Reduced Price Meal Eligibility Data, CA Equity Performance and Improvement Program, Child Nutrition Information & Payment System (CNIPS), More details from the California School Public School Directory, School Dashboard Additional Reports and Data, California Assessment of Student Performance and Progress (CAASPP), English Language Proficiency Assessments for California (ELPAC), California Accountability Model & School Dashboard. specializing in personal injury & Employment law matters We take great pride in our ability to solve unique and, Disability Discrimination Lawyer Pasadena- Romero Law, APC is an employment law civil litigation and trial firm located in Pasadena that specializes in representing, Your info for Valley View Middle School in P.H. 19445 Sitting Bull Rd., Apple Valley, CA 92308|(760) 961-8479|Website. Board of Education Meeting. All students wishing to attend a Sitting Bull Academy Magnet/CTA school must submit an application. Success Academy is community day school. Sitting Bull Academy is the 34th largest public school in California and the 192nd largest nationally. To view the purposes they believe they have legitimate interest for, or to object to this data processing use the vendor list link below. It is calculated using the reported number of students and full-time equivalent teachers. If you're still not able to find your school/group, please contact Customer Service. Mar 17 Friday. Apple Valley CA 92308 | (760) 247- 8001, Not sure which school is yours? Sitting Bull Academy Home for Sale: Great home with three bedrooms, two baths, family room with fireplace and newly redone kitchen with new counter tops, sink and flooring, also a glass door pantry. Sitting Bull Academy only school in California to be designated a State School of Character (2018), Sitting Bull Academy Selected For "Best Of The Desert 2014 Readers Choice" (2014). 42% of students have achieved math proficiency (compared to the 40% CA state average), while 55% of students have achieved reading proficiency (compared to the 51% CA state average). If you experience difficulty with the accessibility of any pages or documents, please request materials in an alternate format by contacting the school office at 760-961-8479. Payment and cancellation policies Our payment and cancellation policies are outlined to give our customers a full understanding of our courses before they register. This site uses cookies from Google to deliver its services and to analyze traffic. Sitting Bull Academy ranks 3529th of 5883 California elementary schools. Sitting Bull Academy Principal: Sharon Heitman Preschool-8th Grade A California Distinguished School Voted "Best of the High Desert" 19445 Sitting Bull Rd. Student-Teacher Ratio may not be indicative of class size. Minority enrollment is 61% of the student body (majority Hispanic), which is lower than the California state average of 78% (majority Hispanic). What school district is Sitting Bull Academy part of? For 2014, a family of two needs to make an annual income below $20,449 to be eligible for free meals or below $29,100 for reduced price meals. Email: nhs@nvusd.org Sitting Bull Academy is committed to ensuring that all materials on this web site are accessible to all students, staff, and the general public. Students at this school are making less academic progress from one grade to the next If you would like to change your settings or withdraw consent at any time, the link to do so is in our privacy policy accessible from our home page.. Niche ranks nearly 100,000 schools and districts based on statistics and millions of opinions from students and parents. Manage Settings 8:51 - 9:36 Period 2. A dynamic system that provides reports about Californias schools and school districts. We will send you an update approximately yearly. 11, Victorville, CA 92395 (2 miles), 12484 Tamarisk Rd., Victorville, CA 92395 (2 miles), 12403 Ridgecrest Rd., Victorville, CA 92395 (2 miles), 21351 Yucca Loma Rd., Apple Valley, CA 92307 (3 miles), 21331 Sandia Rd., Apple Valley, CA 92308 (3 miles), 21950 Nisqually Rd., Apple Valley, CA 92308 (3 miles), 17000 Silica Dr., Victorville, CA 92395 (3 miles), 17246 Gibralter Dr., Victorville, CA 92395 (3 miles), 12571 First Ave., Victorville, CA 92395 (3 miles), 11988 Hesperia Rd., Hesperia, CA 92345 (3 miles), 18213 Symeron Dr., Apple Valley, CA 92307 (3 miles), 20700 Thunderbird Rd., Apple Valley, CA 92307 (4 miles), 14334 Pioneer Rd., Apple Valley, CA 92307 (4 miles), 10601 Manhasset Rd., Apple Valley, CA 92308 (4 miles), 17500 Mana Rd., Apple Valley, CA 92307 (4 miles), 16100 Burwood Ave., Victorville, CA 92395 (4 miles), 12951 Mesquite Rd., Apple Valley, CA 92308 (4 miles), 16955 Lemon St., Hesperia, CA 92345 (4 miles), 14907 S. Mojave Dr., Victorville, CA 92395 (4 miles), 9321 Glendale Ave., Hesperia, CA 92345 (4 miles), 15999 Warwick St., Victorville, CA 92395 (4 miles), 16519 Victor St., Victorville, CA 92595 (5 miles), 16527 1/2 Lemon St., Hesperia, CA 92345 (5 miles), 15476 Sixth St., Victorville, CA 92395 (5 miles). Both types of public schools aim to offer innovative and flexible academic programs. It has 1,599 students in grades K-8 with a student-teacher ratio of 24 to 1. 6:00 PM. 19445 Sitting Bull Rd Apple Valley, CA 92308. Out of 6,241 ranked schools in California, Sitting Bull Academy is ranked 181st for total students on lunch assistance. More. We asks you to summarise your opinion and evaluate the positives and negatives of this high school. We're sorry, but no reviews have been submitted for Sitting Bull Academy. It has 24.8 students to every teacher. We have many exciting opportunities available to help our students reach their full potential academically, socially, and emotionally: Renaissance Program for Academic Excellence, STEAM Lab for Science, Technology, Engineering, Art, and Math projects, Represented at district, county & state science fairs, Multi-year "Best of the Desert Award" Winner, Intramural Sports including cross country, volleyball, basketball, 1600+ students 140 Staff Members 1:1 Devices 100+ Approved Volunteers. Sitting Bull should also consider being more LGBT+ friendly. 11:09 - 11:54 Period 4. Low progress with low test scores means students are starting at a low point and are falling even farther behind their peers at other schools in the state. St. Joseph's Academy. The Tustin Unified School District is excited to celebrate six of our schools, Heritage Elementary, Hicks Canyon Elementary, Myford Elementary, Red Hill Elementary, Tustin Memorial Academy and Orchard Hills School, honored as 2023 California Distinguished Schools. Sitting Bull Academy is a public school located in Apple Valley, CA, which is in a large suburb setting. Stay informed! By using this site, you agree to its use of cookies. Read all the information below and avoid any surprises. 92308 760-961-8479 Phoenix Academy Principal: Stephanie White Preschool-8th Grade California PBIS Coalition Recognition Recipient AVID Schoolwide Site of Distinction Recipient With over 40 years of. Read more about how we rank the Best Elementary Schools and Best Middle Schools. 8:00 - 8:45 Period 1. The student-teacher ratio is 24, which is the same as that of the district.The student population is made up of 50% female students and 50% male students. Join the discussion and tell us, what do you think about this public school or ask your own question! Bodies of the company; Activity; ISO in the Company; Achievements Some of our partners may process your data as a part of their legitimate business interest without asking for consent. California PBIS Coalition Recognition Recipient, AVID Schoolwide Site of Distinction Recipient, A California Department of Education Arts, Media, & Entertainment Demonstration Site, STEM Coordinator: Sean Gillette, Pam Gillette, 12555 Navajo Rd. School Directory Information. It contains a wide variety of information including school performance indicators, student and staff demographics, expulsion, suspension, and truancy information and a variety of test results. Encore Jr./Sr. For more information regarding our efforts in providing an accessible website, please visit our. Links to the school district, parents reviews, school test scors and enrollment characteristics from the National Center for Educational Statistics (NCES) are included. The job market can be tough for people with disabilities, so its no surprise that theyre more, Award Winning Jeweler in Beverly Hills- Gems Are Forever is based in Beverly Hills, CA and have over 40 years of experience. This is the percentage of students that scored at or above proficiency levels on their state math assessment test. Educator and activist Denisha Jones explains what racial justice in education looks like. The student:teacher ratio of 24:1 is higher than the California state level of 22:1. Sitting Bull Academy serves 1,599 students in grades Kindergarten-8. Welcome Back TUSD 2022-23. You will be sent an Email to verify your review. Public elementary school and private elementary school data obtained from the National Center for Education Statistics in the United States. The percentage of Sitting Bull Academy students on free and reduced lunch assistance (55.7%) is slightly lower than the state average of 60.7%. Underserved students at this school may be falling behind other students in the state, and this school may have significant achievement gaps. Overview of funding and accountability provisions of the Local Control Funding Formula. Previous Affiliations. Box 482 Fort Worth, TX 76101. For international schools, please select your country here. Sitting Bull Academy is an above average, public school located in APPLE VALLEY, CA. Reviews should be a few sentences in length. Sitting Bull Academy is a Public school located at 19445 Sitting Bull Rd., Apple Valley, CA - 92308-5002. Address: 2221 Matson Drive Sacramento, CA 95822 Average salary for all teachers within the district. Please include any comments on: Sitting Bull Academy Promotion 2019 Apple Valley, CA, Sitting Bull Academy Promotion 2019 Apple Valley, CA, SITTING BULL ACADEMY INTEGRATED TECHNOLOGY STUDENTS. Successful schools understand how to. Sitting Bull Academy is part of Apple Valley Unified School District. Includes tools to request CDS updates and information on district reorganizations. State School ID: CA-3675077-0110866. Get good rest and prioritize questions that have answers you know, experts say. In Apple Valley Unified School District, 37% of students tested at or above the proficient level for reading, and 24% tested at or above that level for math.Sitting Bull Academy did better in math andbetter in reading in this metric compared with students across the state. School Profile: Sitting Bull Academy (CA Dept of Education) School Profile: Sitting Bull Academy School Details More details from the California School Public School Directory * Web site address is provided to CDE by the school district School Reports Annual Enrollment Reports Enrollment By Ethnicity Enrollment By Grade Return To Parent Center | Return to Student Center. Thanks for using SchoolDigger.com! In the 2021-22 school year, 1,538 students attended Sitting Bull Academy. Quarters End (6-12) all day. Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander, economically disadvantaged students at Sitting Bull Academy, Percentage of full-time teachers who are certified, Percentage of teachers with 3 or more years experience. Schools may not charge more than 40 for reduced-price lunches, nor more than 30 for reduced-price breakfasts. For more information about how the Department of Education defines ethnicity, see, Students eligible for free or discounted lunch at Sitting Bull Academy, About Students eligible for discounted/free lunch, For information about the National School Lunch Program, see the, Student/Teacher Ratio Sitting Bull Academy. ALL NEWS. Sitting Bull Academy is an above average, public school located in APPLE VALLEY, CA. It enrolls 1,457 students in grades 1st through 12th. If you experience difficulty with the accessibility of any pages or documents, please request materials in an alternate format by contacting webmaster@avusd.org or at 760-247-8001. Bldg. 2 talking about this. The main advantage and difference between the Sitting Bull Academy magnet school and other public schools near Apple Valley is that this type of "magnet" school focuses on a special area of study, such as mathematics, science, geography, performing arts, or career education and may receive additional funding from Apple Valley Unified school district to maintain their specialized programs. Browse attorney profiles for detailed information about top rated lawyers near you. What is the racial composition of the student body? 45 minute class periods. Board of Education Meeting. He is autistic , and the help him excel so that he can succeed later on in life. Benet Academy . In some instances, schools hire teachers part time, and some teachers are hired for specialized instruction with very small class sizes. Families with incomes between 130% It enrolls 1,457 students in grades 1st through 12th. Bell Schedules Printer Friendly. The school enrolls 46% economically disadvantaged students. [ ] indicates that the data are not applicable. Discover the schools, companies, and neighborhoods that are right for you. Hi, I just noticed you have incorrect information for the founding date for Valley View Middle School in Pleasant Hill, California. Welcome Back TUSD 2022-23. Information regarding the development, coordination, and implementation of statewide testing programs in California including CAASPP, PFT, and CELDT. According to state test scores, 42% of students are at least proficient in math and 55% in reading. It has 24.8 students to every teacher. Facebook; How many students attend Sitting Bull Academy? Should 9th Grade be Separate from High School? Test anxiety is common, but parents can help their kids learn to manage it. Students from families with incomes at or below 130% of the federal poverty level are eligible for free meals. In California, 47% of students tested at or above the proficient level for reading, and 39% tested at or above that level for math. Send Text. The student population of Sitting Bull Academy is 1,599 and the school serves K-8. Sitting Bull Academy is a public elementary school located in Apple Valley, CA in the Apple Valley Unified School District. Benet Academy Logo. Ask the school what its doing to help students who are behind. This is the percentage of students that scored at or above proficiency levels on their state reading/language arts assessment test. Stay informed! Advanced STEM coursework in middle school can help set your student up for success in high school. Please. What degree or subject should you study at university? Call our office for assistance with Student ID Numbers. Testing Students for Alcohol Use: Violation of Constitutional Rights? Search. Compare 40000+ lawyers and law firms serving California cities, including fees, awards, education and legal specialization Browse insurance agent listings, compare insurance rates from the leading insurance companies serving all cities in California and find the best home, healt or car insurance rates to fit your needs and budget How much does it cost to study in the US and which university to choose? Note: School map boundaries may have changed for the current school year. School information is provided by the government. More opinions are needed!Write a review to add yours.Review Sitting Bull Academy. Learn about the pros and cons of separating 9th grade from high school. and 185% of the federal poverty level are eligible for reduced price meals. Download the Aeries Portal Mobile App in the App Store or Google Play! Apple Valley, CA 92308. Standing Rock Public Transit Routes and Schedules. 2475 Jefferson Street Napa, California 94558 (707) 253-3711 Phone | (707) 253-3906 Fax. 10 Reasons Why High School Sports Benefit Students, Quality of academic programs, teachers, and facilities, Availability of music, art, sports and other extracurricular activities, See more public schools near to Sitting Bull Academy. Sitting Bull Academy! Please contact your school district to verify school assignment for your child. Elementary Schoolers Proficient in Reading (district average), Middle Schoolers Proficient in Reading (district average), Elementary Schoolers Proficient in Math (district average), Middle Schoolers Proficient in Math (district average), 19445 Sitting Bull Rd., Apple Valley, CA 92308, 13590 Havasu Rd., Apple Valley, CA 92308 (1 mile), 18422 Bear Valley Rd. Student Records & Transcripts General information regarding student records. Scholarships can help families afford K-12 private schools. 10:33 - 11:03 Advisory Groups. Bell Training Academy Mail Stop 8A-61 P.O. 19445 Sitting Bull Rd Apple Valley CA 92308. Call our office for assistance with Student ID Numbers. Phone: (630) 969-6550 Fax: (630) 719-2849 . Footer link June 27, 2017. It has 1,599 students in grades K-8 with a student-teacher ratio of 24 to 1. 1998-2023 GreatSchools.org All Rights Reserved. Sitting Bull Academy from Apple Valley was opened in 8.7.2006 at 19445 Sitting Bull Road, San Bernardino county. The school has 66 teachers for a total 1,599 students with a student-to-teacher ratio of 24.22. Kindergarten Mon, Tues, Thurs, Fri Kinder & 1st Grade Lunch: . Learn about how you can spot the troubling signs of drug use among teenagers on public school campuses. How Sitting Bull Academy placed statewide out of 5534 elementary schools and 2319 middle schools ranked in California. Terrible experience here from both parents and students. Review Sitting Bull Academy. A family of four needs to make an annual income below $31,005 for free meals or $44,122 for reduced price meals. [ ] indicates that the data are missing. The consent submitted will only be used for data processing originating from this website. The form below lets you find Sitting Bull Academy alumni info and Sitting Bull Academy students. Page 0 of 0. Sitting Bull Academy is a public school located in Apple Valley, CA, which is in a large suburb setting. Sitting Bull Academy K - 8 Apple Valley Unified School District 19445 Sitting Bull Road, Apple Valley, CA, 92308 Tel: (760) 961-8479 6/10 GreatSchools Rating 9 reviews Parent Rating 1,683. 2023 ElementarySchools.org, Download a complete list of Elementary Schools, Download this data as an Excel or CSV Spreadsheet, Catholic Elementary Schools in California, All Female Elementary Schools in California, All Male Elementary Schools in California, Public School Enrollment Rankings for California, Student/Teacher Ratio Rankings in California, Free Lunch Assistance Rankings in California, Private School Enrollment Rankings in California, Private School Student/Teacher Ratio Rankings in California, Private School Full Time Teacher Rankings in California. Back. Sitting Bull Academy has a student ration of 24:1, which is higher than the California state average of 22:1. 6:00 PM. These and other factors contribute to the student/teacher ratio. The Advanced Placement course will be widely offered at high schools in fall 2024. The teacher population of 66 teachers has grown by 8% over five school years. Student/teacher ratio is calculated by dividing the total number of students by the total number of full-time equivalent teachers. Understand what. This may indicate that the area has a lower level of poverty than the state average. Mar 17 Friday. Bull Bell Academy is a professional training institute setup by expert traders in Dubai. We and our partners use cookies to Store and/or access information on a device. We do not have any minimum days or early out days. Because states implement these tests differently, use caution when comparing this data to data from another state. Because states implement these tests differently, use caution when comparing this data to data from another state. SchoolDigger rates this school 2 stars out of 5. Info & reviews of Elementary Schools (Public) from Apple Valley, CA; Phone: (760) 961-8479, Address: 19445 Sitting Bull Road, Apple Valley, California, Elementary Schools (Public) Apple Valley California. Sitting Bull Academy Claimed 4 /10 10 reviews 1,683 Students Grades K-8 4 /10 GreatSchools Summary Rating 4/10 Test Scores below average 4/10 Academic Progress below average 4/10 Equity below average Last updated: Nov 18, 2022 ACADEMICS Academic Progress 4/10 Information about your use of this site is shared with Google. I hope the overall experience gets better in the future. Overview September 18, 2020. High schoolers can earn college credit while exploring teaching as a profession. The student population of Sitting Bull Academy is 1,599 and the school serves K-8.. Mar 13 Monday. High School for the Performing and Visual Arts. Hey, I'm tring to add attorney profile, but getting an error Each day of school will follow the Regular Bell Schedule except those noted on the school calendar. Many districts contain only one school. Mar 20 Monday. Phone: 208-498-0551 Fax: 208-468-2829 NCES School ID: 060001711747. 49% of Sitting Bull Academy students are Hispanic, 39% of students are White, 5% of students are Black, 3% of students are Asian, 3% of students are Two or more races, and 1% of students are Hawaiian. We and our partners use data for Personalised ads and content, ad and content measurement, audience insights and product development. You can unsubscribe from future updates at any time! Drug Use Among Teens in Public School: Trends, Signs, and Warnings. You have the constructed in date, Truck Accident Attorneys Whittier- Hanning & Sacchetto, LLP is a full-service litigation law firm specializing in personal injury, medical malpractice, workers', Lemon Law Now located in Los Angeles, California. Sitting Bull Academy is a public elementary school located in Apple Valley, CA in the Apple Valley Unified School District. Note: For private schools, Student/teacher ratio may not include Pre-Kindergarten. Advertisement. At Sitting Bull Academy, 42% of students scored at or above the proficient level for math, and 55% scored at or above that level for reading.The schools minority student enrollment is 61%. We pride ourself on being a Jewelery, AC Duct Cleaning Fresno - We are here 24/7 to help you save every minute of your valuable time. Home has a formal living room with french doors, beautiful tile entry, all rooms have just been painted. Standing Rock Public Transit Routes and Schedules. Students at a participating school may purchase a meal through the National School Lunch Program. Showing 0-0 of 0 results. United States. Founded by attorney Brett Shainfeld, our law firm is one of the preeminent lemon law firms in California. Sitting Bull Academy offers enrollment in grades Kindergarten-8. Students at Sitting Bull Academy are 53% Hispanic, 35% White, 5% African American, 3% Two or more races, 3% Asian. Bull Bell Academy is a young organization where you can expect to learn everything from trading to investing. All incoming 7th grade students must have proof of Tdap booster and a 2nd varicella immunization before they may begin attending school. Sitting Bull Academy 19445 Sitting Bull Rd. Route # 1 Mobridge, Grand River Casino (GRC), Wakpala, Kenel, Fort Yates, Prairie Knights Casino (PKC), Bismarck & Return There are 66 equivalent full-time teachers and 3 full-time school counselors. Total Students: 1,457 1,599 students attend Sitting Bull Academy. Dr. Tuin has served in public education for more than 39 years. Be the first to know when there is an update for He joined the Tustin Unified School District in 2017 as principal of Tustin High School. (2021-2022 school year) Search Results Modify Search Data Notes/Grant IDs Help. Grupowa Oczyszczalnia ciekw w odzi. 9:42 - 10:27 Period 3. Thank you for your patience as we reconstruct sections of our site to be more accessible to all users. New Study Confirms That Private Schools Are No Better Than Public Sch How Does Bullying Affect a Students Academic Performance? (760) 961-8479. For public schools this is the 2015-2016 school year. Data is based on the 2018-2019, 2019-2020 and 2020-2021 school years. School profile information is based on government data. Apple Valley, CA 92308 ( School attendance zone shown in map) Tel: (760) 961-8479 sites.google.com SAVE SCHOOL Sitting Bull Academy serves 1,599 students in grades Kindergarten-8. See alternate bell schedule for the first three days of school here. (760) 961-8479. Legacy Preparatory Academy Legacy Preparatory Academy Elementary (Building 1): 2214 South 1250 West, Woods Cross, UT 84087 Phone: (801) 294-2801 Fax: (385) 290-1470 Email: [email protected] compared to students at other schools in the state. Updates have been made to the graphs below. What grades does Sitting Bull Academy offer ? Find Sitting Bull Academy alumni at Classmates.com.
Lund Boat Sport Track Accessories,
Wizard Of Oz Cast Member Dies On Set,
Gamit Ng Pang Uri Sa Pangungusap,
Articles S